XHTML (eXtensible HTML) is the latest, Sly-Stone-funkiest version of HyperText Markup Language. HTML is a simple language used to structure hyperlinking content that is at the core of most web pages. The whole idea behind HTML since Day One has simply been to apply meaning to chunks of content and link them all together, regardless of platform.
In technical terms, XHTML is “HTML reformed as XML,” but to most people, and for the purpose of this book, it simply means a more modern version of HTML (which is why “HTML” is usually referred to throughout the book rather than “XHTML”) with an ever so slightly stricter syntax (explained in Chapter 1, “Getting Started”). Although there are lesser, “transitional” versions of XHTML, this book jumps in at the deep end and follows XHTML Strict—the purest form of XHTML, which harnesses all of its intended benefits. If this sounds daunting to you, don’t worry—it’s really not more difficult to use than other versions, but it is the best one to opt for if you have the ability to do so.
CSS (Cascading Style Sheets) is a language used to present a web page that was introduced to remedy the increasing introduction (by browser manufacturers) and use of presentational HTML elements. Not only does it lend even greater control over the appearance of a web page, it removes the need for presentational elements in the HTML document itself. It has taken a while for browsers to cotton on, but most CSS is now supported by a vast majority of browsers. Its use is not only a genuine option, but also the best option for presenting web pages. As you will see later in this Introduction, this ability to separate content (HTML) and presentation (CSS) leads to great benefits. What are style sheets and how do they cascade? See Chapter 1. As with HTML, there are various versions of CSS. This book largely follows CSS 2.1, the complete and widely supported revised version of CSS 2. This provides control not only over basic font decorations, but powerful positioning capabilities (goodbye, table layouts!) and the handling of different media types......
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